Lower back pain is a widespread issue that affects millions of people each year. Whether it comes on suddenly or develops over time, it can interfere with daily routines and overall well-being. While many experience temporary discomfort, others endure persistent pain that may require medical attention or intervention.
What Conditions Cause Lower Back Pain?
Lower back pain may arise from various medical conditions or circumstances. Understanding these potential causes can provide insight into the source of discomfort and potential courses of action. Pain may stem from simple soft tissue damage or strain, but it may also indicate deeper issues connected to the spine.
Herniated Discs
Spinal discs act as cushions between the vertebrae, absorbing shock and facilitating movement. When one of these discs becomes damaged or weakened, the inner portion may press against surrounding nerves. This causes pain that radiates from the lower back to the legs.
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, putting pressure on the nerves that travel through the back. This condition is usually associated with wear-and-tear changes, though other factors may also contribute. People with this condition may experience pain, tingling, or weakness in the lower back and legs.
Spondylolisthesis
This condition involves one vertebra slipping forward over the one beneath it. This misalignment can be due to developmental issues, arthritis, or a stress fracture. Spondylolisthesis often leads to back instability and discomfort, particularly in the lower region of the spine.
What Surgeries Can Treat Them?
Nonsurgical treatments like physical therapy, medications, or lifestyle modifications do not alleviate lower back pain. When nonsurgical treatments don’t lead to the intended results, surgery may be explored. Here are some of the surgical procedures that can address specific conditions.
Discectomy
A discectomy is a surgery performed to remove part of or the entire herniated disc that is pressing on a nerve. By alleviating this pressure, this procedure can help reduce symptoms. These include pain, numbness, or weakness in the back and legs.
Laminectomy
Individuals with spinal stenosis often undergo a laminectomy. During this surgery, the lamina, or the back portion of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal, is removed. This creates more space within the spinal canal and relieves pressure on the nerves.
Foraminotomy
A foraminotomy is used to widen the openings through which spinal nerve roots exit the spinal cord. This surgery can relieve nerve compression caused by conditions like spinal stenosis or bone spurs. This added space around nerves may reduce pain and improve mobility.
Microdiscectomy
A microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive version of a discectomy. Using a smaller incision and specialized tools, this procedure removes portions of a herniated disc while causing minimal disruption to surrounding tissues. It is typically used to treat sciatica resulting from disc herniation.
Reach Out to a Back Specialist About Treatment
Lower back pain can result from a variety of conditions, and understanding the root cause is an integral step toward relief. Consulting with a healthcare provider or back specialist can help identify the source of discomfort and determine the most suitable treatment plan. Treatment tailored to individual needs can make a meaningful difference in improving quality of life.