Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) can have a profound effect on an individual’s daily life. Many living with this disorder describe pain that disrupts even simple activities such as speaking or eating. Brain surgeons, also known as neurosurgeons, play a key role in diagnosing and managing TN, especially in cases where other treatments have become ineffective. Here’s information about what Trigeminal Neuralgia is, how a brain surgeon can help, and what treatments are out there:
What Is Trigeminal Neuralgia?
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve. This nerve is responsible for transmitting sensations from the face to the brain. People with TN may experience sharp, burning, or electric-like pain in areas such as the cheek, jaw, teeth, gums, or even around the eye and forehead. When medications are no longer effective or produce unwanted side effects, a brain surgeon may explore surgical options.
What Causes It?
Several factors are linked to trigeminal neuralgia. The majority of cases are thought to arise when a blood vessel presses against the trigeminal nerve, or the insulating tissues surrounding the nerve start to deteriorate. Added pressure on the more exposed nerve can irritate it and trigger severe pain. The exact cause can sometimes remain unknown, but the pain symptoms can be intense and episodic, affecting your routine and mental well-being. Here are some lesser-known conditions that may cause trigeminal neuralgia:
- Tumor or other mass
- Inflammatory lesions
- Infection
- Post-infectious injury
- Multiple sclerosis
How Can Brain Surgeons Treat Trigeminal Neuralgia?
The choice of treatment depends on the individual’s health, the cause of nerve irritation, and the severity of the patient’s symptoms. Neurosurgeons provide a range of procedures tailored to each person’s unique circumstances. The three most commonly used methods for treating TN are decompression surgery, radiosurgery, or rhisotomy procedures.
Microvascular Decompression Surgery
During this procedure, the brain surgeon gently moves or removes the blood vessel that is pressing on the trigeminal nerve. This approach aims to reduce or eliminate nerve irritation while preserving facial sensation. For many patients, this technique can provide long-term relief from TN symptoms.
Radiosurgery
Radiosurgery involves the use of targeted radiation to treat TN. It does not require a traditional incision. Instead, focused beams are directed at the trigeminal nerve root. This may cause the transmission of pain signals to be disrupted over time. While relief is not always immediate, many patients find that their symptoms improve within weeks or months. Radiosurgery is often contemplated for patients who may not be candidates for more invasive procedures.
Rhizotomy
Rhizotomy refers to procedures that intentionally damage nerve fibers to disrupt pain signals. This method can be performed in several ways, such as using heat (radiofrequency ablation), glycerol injections, or compression (balloon compression). The fundamental goal of rhizotomy is to provide pain relief, though some loss of facial sensation can occur. Brain surgeons select the most appropriate type based on individual factors and patient goals.
Ask a Brain Surgeon Today
Trigeminal neuralgia can be life-altering, but a range of surgical options exists that may provide relief when other treatments are not effective. If you or a loved one is living with TN, discussing your symptoms with a brain surgeon is a key first step toward finding a solution. Reach out to a trained neurosurgical specialist today to explore your treatment options and discover what approach may best suit your needs.